tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89277200678102048492024-02-08T10:25:01.846-08:00How to write contrast essayGreat Scholarship Essay Topicsadahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.comBlogger25125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-46990169557026862762020-08-23T01:17:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:17:22.188-07:00Significance of Minor Characters in a Separate Peace Essay ExampleEssentialness of Minor Characters in a Separate Peace Paper One of those viewpoints is Its utilization of minor characters all through the book. The books minor characters are what make up a great deal of the book. They are the characters that effect and help build up the shopping center characters, Gene and Finny. The peruser Is ready to discover how Finny Is ready to deal with circumstances when Mr.. Prudhoe stands up to Gene and Finny on their supper unlucky deficiencies. You show signs of improvement thought of Fannys character when he goes for tea with the dean, Mr.. Fix Withers, wearing the school tie as a belt. You perceive how Cheat Douglas influences Genes considering propensities when Gene finds the need to attempt to beat Cheat in school marks. Furthermore, you likewise get a profound comprehension of Genes enthusiastic side when he flees from Leper and his flashbacks of being at the military. In the start of A Separate Peace, in the mid year meeting at Devon School, there was the substitute senior member, Mr.. Prudhoe, who determined the status of Gene and Finny at their residence to discover why they missed supper by and by. So to maintain a strategic distance from any difficulty, Finny smooth-works out of the circumstance by clarifying that they were fixing for the draft. This appears to be a genuinely insignificant piece of the book, yet It shows you how Finny handles such circumstances. A great many people would be anxious and not ready to concoct a reason, yet Finny can rapidly and smoothly, break down the circumstance. Later in the book, we find somewhat a greater amount of Finny when he gets dressed for tea with the substitute school dean, Mr.. Fix Withers and uses the Devon School tie as a belt. We will compose a custom article test on Significance of Minor Characters in a Separate Peace explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Significance of Minor Characters in a Separate Peace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Significance of Minor Characters in a Separate Peace explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Finny, utilizing the school tie as a belt shows strength and inventiveness and that he doesnt consistently adhere to the guidelines. Afterward, when Finny and Gene are really meeting with Mr.. Fix Withers, again you see Fannys mastery in taking care of upsetting circumstances as you see Mr.. Fix Withers hatred of Fannys improper activity. There Is additionally Dry. Stanhope, who Is the main connection among Finny and Gene during Fannys time away with the messed up leg. Dry. Stanhope was the person who informed Gene regarding how Finny wont have the option to play sports until kingdom come in view of the leg injury. With that data, it basically changed the manner in which Gene thought of Finny all through the remainder of the book. Later in the book, after Finny tumbles down the means of the school lobby, further breaking his leg, it was Dry. Stanhope who wanted assistance. He took Finny in his vehicle and drove him to the clinic. Lastly at the close to end, it was Dry. Stanhope who broke the horrendous updates on Fannys demise to Gene. This essentially carried the book to its end, and also help show a greater amount of Genes character. There are additionally the characters in the book who are more included. At the point when Gene thought of the Idea that Finny was causing him to do every one of these exercises with him, Just o cut his evaluations down, Gene got more grounded In his examinations. By then, Gene took two factors In his need to exceed expectations In school. One was his outrage that Finny did that to him and furthermore Cheat Douglas, who was Just as a decent understudy as Gene. Thus Cheat profoundly affected Genes life around then since his investigations around then were truly Important. There are additionally some increasingly significant minor characters like Leper and Brinier. Brinier presumably carried the most essentialness to the book, for the most part by working up further contention with the entire Finny leg injury episode. In the book, when Gene returns from the break, Brinier Jokingly blames Gene for attempting to murder Finny and later on at the close to end of the book, Brinier takes Gene and Finny to the schools lobby for a false preliminary on Fannys fall. That is the place practically everything self-destructs with Gene and Fannys relationship sort of breaking separated and Fannys reason for death. Pariah, in the same way as other of different characters promoted show Genes characteristics. At the point when Leper requested that Gene come over his home, after Leper had been charged structure the military, Leper conversed with Gene about his experience. After Leper enlightened Gene regarding him imaging the officers head supplanted with that of a womans, Gene fled disgustedly. All things considered, this book shows how minor characters help create different characters characteristics, how they change the significant occasions and minor occasions too. Despite the fact that they have to a lesser degree an incentive as the principle characters, they do contribute a great deal to the entire book. Also, not just that, it adds something to the book. Would you be able to envision a book with two characters? adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-2256495801785613092020-08-21T22:59:00.001-07:002020-08-21T22:59:20.105-07:00The Concept Of Learning Style Education Essay Free EssaysThe develop of larning way has been concentrated by a wide range of techniques. Learning habits can be characterized as the highlights and best way where an individual used to collect, spot and treat data ( Fleming, 2001 ) . For Kolb ( 1984 ) , larning way is the system wherein an individual gets new data and achievements. We will compose a custom article test on The Concept Of Learning Style Education Essay or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Sternberg ââ¬Ës ( 2001 ) meaning of tilting way is not quite the same as that of Kolb ââ¬Ës and Fleming ââ¬Ës, Sternberg characterizes larning way as an acclimated structure or favored way which an individual uses to make something through various exercises over a significant stretch of times. The above definitions have a typical point which individual have their ain propensity in larning. On the off chance that individuals see progressively about their securing way, they can happen a superior way to larn and go an increasingly proficient researcher ( Sze, 2009 ) . It encourages single to larn new things strongly and speedily in light of the fact that they comprehend their securing encounter and cognize the thing which they need ( Sze, 2009 ) . I would wish to use VARK and Honey A ; Mumford to occur out my larning affinity. VARK Test VARK is a lot of precise requests which abdominal muscle initio chose in 1987 by Neil Fleming to flexibly a man with a worry of their obtaining inclination about the way which a man would wish to take-in and give-out data ( VARK, 2012 ) . The abbreviation VARK represents Visual ( V ) , Aural ( A ) , Read/compose ( R ) and Kinesthetic ( K ) tactile modes which utilized by a man to larn data ( VARK, 2012 ) . After I completed the VARK preliminary, I found that I have a multi-model ( VARK ) larning affinity. The imprint spread between the four methods of VARK is close to nothing. I scored 10, 9, 8 and 10 in Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic severally. It implies my learning affinity is the blends of the four habits. The outcome of the examination is somewhat precise for me that I am venturing out to elucidate the aftereffects of the result with my everyday life and learning experience. At the point when I concentrated in the high sheepskin in concern removal, I delighted in the lectors to use various graphs, diagrams and models which used to portray some unpredictable or dynamic hypotheses or data. For representation, the lector utilized the outline to demo the constituents of the Gross national pay. It made me to comprehend and have new cognizance all the more quickly. Despite the fact that, I would wish to larn comprehension through visual way, I would non dismiss the read/compose class. It is other than of import for me to hold data. At the point when I was making the finishing up twelvemonth endeavor in the high sheepskin, I liked to occur out the utile data from the books and the internet. From that point forward, I would see down some of import data which I may use in the endeavor. For kinaesthetic class, it is other than the way to help me geting new things through experience or example. I had a part cut occupation last twelvemonth which I expected to place in the obvious radiation in various shows. At the principal cut I joined the crew, I did non cognize how to put the obvious radiation. After the director ââ¬Ës introduction and my example, I could make it without anyone else quickly. I other than prefer to have and give out notions in bunch treatment. It is on the grounds that I can have various proposals and musings when holding a treatment. It give me I great chance to move up and increment insight. As a multi-modular affinity researcher, I can be increasingly adaptable to change my larning way starting with one then onto the next to run into various larning or workplace. Nonetheless, multi-model researchers may encounter unreliable by only using one propensity to larn, they may require more than one way or plans to have new data ( VARK, 2012 ) . Nectar A ; Mumford ââ¬Ës Learning Styles Questionnaires ( LSQ ) The Honey A ; Mumford ââ¬Ës ( 1992 ) LSQ is first evolved in 1982 which depended on the David Kolb ââ¬Ës Learning Styles Inventory ( LSI ) . Not quite the same as the Kolb ââ¬Ës LSI which using conceptual words, Honey A ; Mumford ââ¬Ës LSQ point of convergence on existent work exercises. It makes the clients to see all the more simple. LSQ intends to LSQ partitions larning habits into four kinds ; Militants, Theorists, Pragmatists and Reflectors. The investigation of the LSQ said that I have solid affinity on reflectors. It implies that I will try to comprehend and examination the things thoroughly before doing a choice. It is somewhat proper to portray my larning propensity. I had a wide range of gathering medications with my crew individuals when I concentrated in sheepskin and high sheepskin in concern removal. I rarely gave out my opinion right away during the main gathering. I ordinarily tuned in to different individuals ââ¬Ë positions and proposals thus thought what they said is appropriate for the endeavor or task. I would move up the data from the internet and content releases to turn out my focuses were correct. After I thought about various reasonings, I would give my opinions. I do non genuinely hold that I have a moderate propensity on aggressor in the examination. I like to make something for all intents and purposes by adhering to auxiliary guidelines. I am non simple to influence in new experience without ca utious investigation. Limitation of VARK and Honey A ; Mumford ââ¬Ës LSQ Fitting to Hawk and Shah ( 2007 ) , there has non satisfactory research to back up the cogency and reliability of the VARK. Fleming and Baume ( 2006 ) other than said that cognizing one ââ¬Ës larning propensity did non mean the individual could better its procurement. It only discloses to us our larning inclination. Character The alone type of thoughts, sentiments and practices which a man endures over a clasp and across situation can be characterized as character ( Morris A ; Maisto, 2009 ) . In the wake of reconsidering various meanings of character, Sadeghi, Kasim, Tam A ; Abdullah ( 2012 ) other than said that ââ¬Å" to summarize, character can be characterized as a dynamic and sorted out arrangement of highlights controlled by each person that unmistakably and unambiguously impacts their practices, thought processes, and familiarities in grouped condition of affairss. â⬠Knowing one ââ¬Ës character causes us to recognize ââ¬Ëreal you ââ¬Ë which can benefit for our more distant improvement of our conceivable ( Barrett A ; Green, 2011 ) . Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) The MBTI is a deliberate poll which was created by the female parent and young lady crew of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs-Myers which joins the character preliminary, calling preliminary and driving habits test into one ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . It benefits us by recognizing our idea calling, building up our driving strength, bettering our connections and escalating our mindfulness ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . Blending to the investigation of the MBTI preliminary ( Appendices ) , I have the most noteworthy character types in ESFJ and ISFJ. The boss distinctive between the two most elevated checking is among extroversion and invagination. It implies my hiting spread of these two components is nearly nothing. In my alternative, both extroversion and invagination are embraced in my everyday life which relies upon the diverse condition of affairss. As I notice in the Honey A ; Mumford ââ¬Ës LSQ, I want to think something thoroughly before making it. It meets the portrayal of the invagination that individuals focus on a couple, profound issues and thoroughly consider things before moving. On the off chance that I need to investigate explicit issue or point. I can pass a clump of clasp to occur out the data through various beginnings without anyone else. I will be truly fulfilled that I can comprehend the activity with my endeavor. Some of the time, I am an extraversive person. At the point w hen I was a post in essential and auxiliary school, I would wish to pass on with new crew individuals. It gave an open door for me to cognize increasingly about them. The investigation other than said that I look to create agreement in the connections and advance participation. It is somewhat right that I think a decent relationship of a crew is extremely of import. Each crew part is esteemed for a crew. I accept that great cooperation can help to achieve the end effectively and quickly. Huge A ; Limitation of MBTI Williamson A ; Watson ( 2007 ) call attention to making MBTI preliminary can benefit our self-comprehend and improvement. It is utile for calling direction to let individuals to get themselves and make up oneââ¬â¢s brain fitting calling program ( Kennedy A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . On the different manus, numerous associations use MBTI to gauge their appliers that it is untrustworthy and unlawful for them to try out appliers ( Quenk, 2000 ) . It is simply mirror the affinity however non the capacity, savvy and open door for effective ( Kennedy A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . Group Role Meredith Belbin characterizes crew work as a tendency to act, contribute and interrelate with others in an impossible to miss way in a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles has been utilized in numerous associations over the word to put the crew capacity of various individuals inside the association ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles Belbin Team Roles preliminary is an indicative apparatus which used to gauge single crew work affinity and discover the crew jobs balance in a crew ( Partington and Harris, 1999 ) . Nine crew capacities are recognized in the Belbin crew work preliminary, they are organizer, creator, works, recourses inquire about laborer, crew laborer, implementer, registering machine nearer, delegate judge and specializer. Belbin Team Roles are utilized to put individuals ââ¬Ës social qualities and failings so it assists with building gainful working relationship and basic trust and fear inside a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Mischief adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-37382676411542401322020-07-10T14:59:00.001-07:002020-07-10T14:59:02.355-07:00Classification and Division Essay Topics IdeasClassification and Division Essay Topics IdeasIn college, if you are assigned to write a paper, the assignment will most likely come in two categories: one is the class assignment, and the other is the essay. This may be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on your opinion. But what you must know is that whether you will be writing a class assignment or an essay is not as important as choosing your classification and division essay topics ideas.When it comes to a class assignment, the first thing that you must consider is the different sections of the assignment. You must also consider the size of the class, your personal preference, your skills and personality, and the size of the class room. All these factors will surely affect your choice.If you have students who are small in size, you can consider using some small dividing lines to divide the room. You can decide on the topics and divisions based on the students' personalities and what you think is best for the group. Some stud ents prefer essays on history, while others would prefer essays on current events. And there are others who would prefer poetry.When you are writing an essay for the class, you should definitely use some classification and division essay topics ideas. For example, when writing about one particular subject, you could divide the topic into sections like; history, current events, the arts, and so on. Then choose the topics based on these divisions. If there are students who prefer to write poetry, you can divide the topic into two separate sections - poems and contemporary poetry.The next step would be to tell the students what they should do in a small section by small section. As a final step, you can start writing the essay by beginning each section with a relevant, relevant anecdote. Then, let the students fill in the appropriate spaces on the form. The first section would need some numbers, while the second section would need spaces for their names and last names.After writing thi s section, all you have to do is to check for spelling and grammar errors. At the end of the class, the class monitor would evaluate the paper and grade the paper according to the essay topics ideas. There would be a grading scale for each category of essay topics ideas, based on the sample essay you wrote. This is usually done after the class is over.It is common knowledge that students love to write on their class assignments. As a result, all you need to do is to prepare the assignment yourself, according to the various essay topics ideas. In this way, you will be sure that your assignment will be to read and would definitely be accepted. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-68966673841999408002020-05-20T00:51:00.001-07:002020-05-20T00:51:03.997-07:00Halloween Chemistry Demonstrationsadahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-87724218843538307932020-05-06T22:48:00.001-07:002020-05-06T22:48:26.987-07:00Essay Communication Technology - 1537 Words Introduction: Communication is the exchange of information and feeling or ideas, which allow the majority of people to get the news of all sides. In addition, we are used the communication every day to let people know what we are doing or thinking even feeling which people are received that by voice, picture or chat. Moreover, communication technologies have made it simple to communicate to friends in the other side of the world by calling them using mobile phone, e-mailing them and writing in our web pages using social networks, such as Face book, Twitter or Messenger. Additionally, many other recourses are used by the majority of people to keep in touch with the world, which they can watch television or listen to the radioâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Secondly, it is made the work easily and flexibly which doctors do not need to stay all the time in front of the office due to they can be answered the inquiries by the internet, which takes less time to do it ( Benefits of.net 2011 ). Next, it is helped the sick people especially who are stayed in hospital to contact with nurses and doctors by using unified communication, which mean allow to hospitals to do one big safe network contain more kinds of communication such as, computers, internet, voice and video (Dr. Sands, D 2008). Then, hospitals use a specific website which allow to sick people to know if they work or not and find all information about the hospital such as, what is the hospital for. Finally, a lot of people use the communication technology to organise their lives such as, some application to add suggestions for their diet (CSC-Star.net 2011). The disadvantages of communication technology in health: First, it is reason for some health problem such as, obesity and back problems by spending a lot of time in front of the computers (CSC-Star.net 2011). Next, using mobile phone for more time can be damaged sperm (Daily Express 2006). Finally, psychological impact for young people who use the new technologies and spend a lot of time in it rather than learning how to talk to people which means stay and communicate online and that what they prefer. As a consequence that the absence face to faceShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Communication Technology955 Words à |à 4 Pages ââ¬Å"Thanks to the advancement in communication and computer science, nearly anything you can imagine is just a click away.â⬠(Ertem, 2015) Technology has revolutionized the way we conduct business worldwide. You can now video chat with customers who are across the world, in just a few seconds. Communication technology is essential in growing your business and improving efficiency. Since the 1980ââ¬â¢s technological advancements have certainly grown substantially, which help with productivity and efficiencyRead MoreTechnology and Communication1006 Words à |à 5 PagesCommunication technology is a necessity for human interaction. It plays an important role in acquiring and disseminating information. Regardless of time and boundary, technology helps provide information for the decision making process. 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People can reach each other throughout the world in a matter of seconds, without cost being increasingly negligible. Employees no longer need to be physically with their clients and co-workers; instead they can communicate effectively at home, at a distant office, across the world, and even in their adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-21671789436694513222020-05-06T07:11:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:11:20.205-07:00Logistics and Supply Chain Group Management Question: Discuss about the Logistics and Supply Chain Group Management. Answer: Introduction Logistics refers to activities within an organization and Supply Chain refers to a group of companies working together. Traditional logistics concentrate on activities like distribution and inventory management. Supply chain (Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013) also includes finance, marketing, handling customer service and product enhancement. Logistics is about giving a proper product to the right customer, with right quantity and in good condition at the right place and time (Christopher, 2016). Logistics management deals with daily activities in producing final product or output and services, effectively and efficiently. There are two types of logistics, inbound, and outbound. Inbound logistics refers to the movement of goods from suppliers to the company. Outbound logistics refers to the circulation of the final output from the enterprise to customers (Dyckhoff, Lackes Reese, 2013). Supply chain management (Sharma, 2011) is a combination of warehouses, manufacturers, suppliers, and stores so that the products are produced and distributed to save cost and provide satisfactory service (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2014). Key information of the company A Singapore logistics company named Singapore Post Limited (SingPost) provides a combination of Logistics business, mail marketing, eCommerce solution and retail solution in Singapore and Asia Pacific Region. The firm has earned many awards. The company provides business solutions to its clients like serving customers better, save their time and money, providing a solution to grow the business. Business logistics is all about inventory management, purchasing, transportation and warehousing (Farahani et al., 2014). Singapore Post Limited has warehouse network in more than ten countries and can access to more than 220 countries worldwide. With a vast network, their clients can take its business to various places. Singapore Post Limited provides distribution solution globally and provides different options for delivery and returns to both local and international customers. With their multiple warehouses worldwide, they help their clients in managing the stock, pick and pack orders and p repare for inventories by the time and money of their client. Singapore Post Limited provides eCommerce solutions to the companies who need help to setup their eCommerce business by taking up their online store to customer care support, marketing, and logistics (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2014). If a company needs to send 500 letters in bulk and small packets, they can save money by sending homogeneous mail locally and internationally. Singapore Post Limited provides solutions by measuring, communicating and optimizing marketing campaigns for their target audience (SingPost.com, 2016). The interfaces One of the strategic activities of the supply chain management (Monczka et al., 2015) is providing Information Technology (Sundarakani, Tan Over, 2012) infrastructure to give a base to supply chain operations (Stank et al., 2015). A booming technological power is a vital part of Singapore Post Limiteds conversion into a global eCommerce logistics service provider (Waters Rinsler, 2014). The acquisition of two leading eCommerce vendors in the US has given a strong base of customer and huge eCommerce volumes. They provide end-to-end eCommerce solutions to more than 100 greatest brands like Calvin Klein, Adidas, etc. The eCommerce infrastructure provides a one-stop solution for brands and retailers to increase their base globally and provide a great shopping experience to the customers. The acquisition of TradeGlobal and Jagged Peak has expanded SingPosts eCommerce logistics in the US. TradeGlobal is one of the top end-to-end eCommerce companies, and Jagged Peak provides a technology of Omni-channel order management system operating in more than 20 warehouses across North America and Europe. There is various risk associated with investing and developing the technology. Failure in technology can disturb the daily business operation, which can further lead to financial loss. The technology committee of the company assesses and evaluates the plans, policies, rules and regulations relating to technology, the progress of IT projects, IT risk management and give feedbacks accordingly. With global industrial trends in postal, the company faces competition with a decline in the volume of letter mail. The operating cost has also been increasing in Singapore. Singapore Post Limited has invested in the postal infrastructure to upgrade their production and service quality. They are replacing two-wheel scooters with three wheelers, which have a higher load capacity. This will help in boosting the productivity of their postmen. They regularly conduct the quality check and rev iew the operational process and delivery centers (Singapore Port Limited, 2016). Figure 1: Communication in logistics management (Source: Liang, Chaovalitwongse Shi, 2015) SingPost ensure operational facility by planning the business continuity. Systems have been placed for operations to respond to threats and lessen the impact on resources and services. Singapore Post Limited have combined their eCommerce division with US based eCommerce service providers Jagged Peak and TradeGlobal to form a global eCommerce facilitator for retailers and brands. Combination of logistic network and technology of the three entities will help the companies to expand in the worlds fastest growing eCommerce market. They provide end-to-end solutions that stretch web store operations and development, performance marketing, customer care service, cross-border commerce and global attainment. The progress of the company can be seen after taking in the eCommerce business activities with a growth rising over a third of overall revenues. They chase for maximization of returns to their shareholders by realizing the potential of the assets. Several steps have been taken during the year to get value and yield from their real estate portfolio. They have started constructing new retail mall at Singapore incorporating eCommerce logistics solution. The mall is a combination of both offline and online shopping. Customers can browse and make in-store purchase, arranging for direct delivery to their home so as to continue shopping, eating or watching a movie. The company enlists investors and analyst community to convey companys information about business strategy, financial and operational performance. The management maintains channels of communication to maintain regular interaction with stakeholders (Singapore Port Limited, 2016). Order Cycle An order processing system takes order data from the customer service staff or directly from the customers, stores the information in a database and sends data to the shipping and accounting sections. It also tracks data on orders and stock for each step. It provides powerful means of capturing, tracking and shipping orders of the customer. It can also space various continents to track international orders, shipments, and returns for a broad range of product lines. Postal services are the backbone of the conversion of eCommerce logistics business. The company optimizes every delivery network, innovating new product and process to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the service and needs of the customer. They have upgraded the infrastructure for improvement in quality delivery service. The sorting machines are upgraded to handle large packages and do it efficiently. They have replaced two wheelers to three wheelers which have increased from 110 to 230. The company is researchi ng drone technology to provide upgraded end-to-end solutions facilitating urban logistics tapping on the eCommerce growth in Asia Pacific. They have remodeled more branches of the post office network increasing the accessibility and convenience of their consumers. 29 out of 58 post offices have been upgraded with features providing crucial services with digital access, making essential services such as collection of the parcel, making bill payment available to customers 24/7. The post offices have been designed with self-packing mode desks, big storage space for packages to serve blog shop owners and online shoppers better. Their Self-Service Automated Machines are being extended to an omnichannel platform allowing its customers to access Self-Service Automated Machines transactions on their own mobiles via web portal and app device. To develop their eCommerce products and agencies, bilateral agreements have formed with postal agencies of major partners such as Brazil and United Kin gdom. They have launched an Asian ePacket service with other Asian postal organizations. This will offer a reliable and cost efficient delivery service with tracking facility to the eCommerce retailers. The company began a partnership with SATS to initiate airport consignment outbound operations at Changi Airport to improve the efficiency and space utilization. The initiation will enable sorting, single scanning; remove the need to tow mail, parcel bags and pallets between facilities. This will upgrade operational efficiency, including shorter cycle, connection times and increase productivity. The company participated in International postal events organized by the Universal Postal Union and Asian-Pacific Postal Union and conferences such as World Mail and Express, and Post Expo. SingPost participated in an exhibition and launched limited edition stamps 50 stamps for 50 years in celebration of SG50. The postal network is widely used to transport the parcels. Postal operators should make changes to their business model by edging on their network and keep on developing eCommerce to remain in the competition (Singapore Port Limited, 2016). The order processing system of the the organization follows a simple flow and the keep the work fast and hassle free. The demands of the labor increase in the peak seasons and hence, they keep a simple system to make the workers understand their operations. Figure 2: Order processing model (Source: Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra, 2013) Inventory management Inventory management is a combined process aiming to operationalize a firms and value chains inventory policy. It has an overall impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain. It is a practice of planning, directing and controlling inventory to maximize profit. The company has expanded its eCommerce logistics network and executed strategic and game-changing activities. Recent acquisition and infrastructure investment made end-to-end logistics value chain stronger. Progress was made in last mile delivery, freight, and warehousing and customer service. Quantium Solutions, a subsidiary owned by SingPost made several acquisitions that strengthen their last mile ecosystem in Hong Kong and Australia. The investment made in Australian eCommerce company Hubbed, the countrys only logistics service provider to the news channel agency, adding companys 680 newsagents to their network. The company CouriersPlease which was acquired last year offer customers in Australia collecting online purchases, dropping off parcels, buying delivery products from Hubbed agents at any time and at their convenience. The company grew existing core services launching new domestic and international services including global priority, international saver and local same day. effectiveThey have also expanded CouriersPlease in Darwin, Cairns, Perth, Albury and Coffs Harbour, forming an efficient and profitable network in the entire Australia. CouriersPlease launched POPStations in the past enabling their customers to collect their parcel on their own. The company invested in Morning Express Couriers in Hong Kong and E Link station operating in an expanding network of self-collection parcel smart lockers. The investments made by the corporation have created an efficient logistics delivery system for online retailers selling international brand such as Clarins and Calvin Klein. Shoppers in Hong Kong can receive parcel through various channel like digital lockers and redemption centr es. They initiated information technology system across eCommerce platforms and marketplace enabling transactions and information sharing. The POPStation network in Singapore has expanded in 140 locations. Customers can also return their online purchases through smart lockers can make payment on collection through various card options like credit card and cash cards. They have initiated 10 POPStations in Australia through CouriersPlease with a target to increase distribution. The logistics hub in Singapore brings SingPosts eCommerce logistics services under one roof. The company has modified the transshipment hub center in Singapore offering a wide range of guaranteed sailings and carriers to attract the cargo. Multi-modal transportation modes have been introduced such as sea-air and air-sea to support shippers for creating value for the customers. Famous Holdings is working closely with Quantium Solutions to offer supply chain solutions to connect warehouse management to final dist ribution service. New services like sea freight for vPost were launched to upgrade eCommerce logistics value chain. It enables customers to use eCommerce platforms for purchasing bulk items and receive at their doorstep without paying higher air freight rates (Singapore Port Limited, 2016). The theory of levelized production of inventory management is taken into consideration by the organization. As per the theory, the business owners can optimize the labor cost by the nature of the products (Dyckhoff, Lackes Reese, 2013). The levelized production theory would help the organization to bapoid paying extra amount of money to the labors or give extra money to the third party organizations. Following the theory, it will help the organization to forecast the market on yearly, monthly or quarterly basis and hire the workers accordingly. Conclusion After going through the case study of the Singapore post, it can be concluded that the organization is depended on technology for managing the logistics. The production, marketing and the accounts and finance of the logistics is done with the help of technology. Even though, technology come with valorous risks, yet adhering to the same has helped the organization speed up their process. The levelized production theory for inventory management has helped the organization to forecast the labors as per the peak seasons and the normal seasons. In this way, they manage the inventory so that they do not have overflow of labors or unavailability of the labors. As Singapore post mainly deals with the mail, hence the main area they had concentrated is on managing the labor as per the products in the inventory. The order processing system of Singapore post is simple. As a result, it helps them to manage the orders in a better manner in the peak timings. Due to the proper management of the aspe cts of the logistics, the subsidiary of Singapore post Quantum Solutions has been able to build strong market presence. In addition to this, the proper way of maintaining the logistics has helped them grow its business in the international market as well. Reference Akdogan, A. A., Demirtas, O. (2014). Managerial role in strategic supply chain management. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 1020-1029. Christopher, M. (2016). Logistics supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Dyckhoff, H., Lackes, R., Reese, J. (Eds.). (2013). Supply chain management and reverse logistics. Springer Science Business Media. Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Drezner, T., Fallah, S. (2014). Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications, models, solution techniques and applications. Omega, 45, 92-118. Home | Singapore Post. (2016). Singapore Post Limited.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.Singapore Post Limited.com/ Krajewski, L. J., Ritzman, L. P., Malhotra, M. K. (2013). Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Lee, Y. H. (2016). Smart logistics and global supply chain management. Maritime Economics Logistics, 18(1), 1-2. Liang, Z., Chaovalitwongse, W. A., Shi, L. (Eds.). (2015). Supply Chain Management and Logistics: Innovative Strategies and Practical Solutions. CRC Press. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015). Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014). The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Sharma, M. G. (2011). Supply chain management. Abhigyan, 29(3), 65. Singapore Port Limited. (2016, July). https://www.singpost.com/sites/default/files/publications_file/2016/07/Singpost%20AR15-16.pdf. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from www.singpost.com: https://www.singpost.com/sites/default/files/publications_file/2016/07/Singpost%20AR15-16.pdf Stank, T. T. H., Dittmann, J. P., Burnette, M., Autry, C. W. (2015). The Supply Chain Game Changers: Applications and Best Practices that are Shaping the Future of Supply Chain Management. FT Press. Sundarakani, B., Tan, A. W. K., Over, D. V. (2012). Enhancing the supply chain management performance using information technology: some evidence from UAE companies. International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 11(3), 306-324. Waters, D., Rinsler, S. (2014). Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014). Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-88257157147720582092020-04-23T01:36:00.001-07:002020-04-23T01:36:03.228-07:00Workforce Essays - Manufacturing, Cybernetics, Emerging Technologies Workforce It is no secret that todays workforce no longer consists entirely of people. Rather, machines are being developed to complete many of the tasks which humans have traditionally done. This can greatly increase productivity and efficiency of simple, repetitive tasks. Many people view this as a great positive and point out that it leads to a more uniform and less expensive product which is better for everyone. However, some people are more wary of this popular trend of automating the workforce and question whether this progress is truely positive. Their concerns, though, are outweighed by the benefits these machines offer. It is the popular view among companies which are moving toward automation that robots can do many tasks better than humans. For example, in the automotive industry, most of a cars individual components are manufactured by pre-programmed robots which have much greater and more precise output than would be possible for a human. In addition, robots cut down the cost of production by a considerable amount. If a company hires an employee to complete a simple task for $50,000 per year but could instead buy a machine for a one time purchase of $30,000, it is far more cost effective to buy the machine. Lower cost of production means that the goods produced can now be sold at a lower pricepoint which passes the savings on to the consumer. Companies producing goods rightly contend that the use of machines to complete low-skill jobs has only positive impact for everyone. Beyond these benefits for industry, some believe that machines will shape the future for the human race. Innovation and invention of new more intelligent machines can push us as humans toward new, unimagined possibilities. For example, before the first airplane was invented, people could only dream of human flight, but at the moment of takeoff, a whole new world of unimaginable possibilities was suddenly within our grasp. Through even just that one invention, an entire multi-billion dollar a year industry was born, and our lives improved and advanced in a multitude of ways. Who can know what great advancements may be brought about by a more intelligent machine than what we possess today? The possibilities are endless. There are those who are less enthusiastic about all this progress and advancement. They argue that by not having to interact with fellow humans, we no longer are required to be courteous and have tolerance for others. While this may be true, this is a minor cost for a major increase in efficiency. Take the example of self checkout systems in grocery stores. Self checkout permits consumers to procure their goods and get out of the store quickly. This might seem like a small time-saver, but considering how often this experience is repeated reveals a cumulative effect. Across time, consumers end up saving hours, which improves the efficiency of their daily lives, allowing them to spend time on things that are of greater interest and meaning to them. Whether humans like it or not, machines are becoming more and popular in the workplace and are decreasing the need for humans to work those jobs. This can lead to advancement of society, a greater end product or service, and even a lower consumer cost of goods. Many people are frightened of change, but unfortunately for them, the past is gone and now we must look to the future. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-49734773177800799522020-03-17T04:36:00.001-07:002020-03-17T04:36:02.978-07:0012 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men In 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose a young man charged with the murder of his father, is in the hands of twelve men all with entirely diverse views. After hearing, the case the jurors go into discussions. Eleven of the twelve men are convinced that the boy murdered his father. However, Juror #8, Davis (Henry Fonda). Doesnââ¬â¢t necessarily believe the boy is guilty, rather wants to explore the evidence and discuss the trial further. Davis, was the most important juror in Twelve Angry Men for a number of reasons. First is that when all the other jurors voted guilty without even thinking about their decisions, Juror #8 suggested that they talk about it for a little bit before jumping to conclusions. When asked if he thought the boy was guilty or not guilty, he said, ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. â⬠This shows that he hadnââ¬â¢t decided one way or the other. When asked why he voted this way, he replied, ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s not easy for me to raise my hand and send a boy off to die without talking about it first. This shows that he wanted to talk things over with the other jurors before he makes a decision. Even when some of the other jurors got mad and started arguing with him, he stayed composed and tried to work things out in a rational manor. Later on he said, ââ¬Å"I just want to talk for a while. â⬠This is more proof that he wanted to discuss the issue. Secondly Juror #8 re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The third reason is that he con vinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was a vital step because it added question and doubt to the other jurors and made it acceptable to change their minds as well. This was important because if no one changed his or her decision in the second vote, Juror #8 said he would change his vote to not guilty. However, Juror #9 did change his vote giving Juror #8 more time to talk about the case. Juror #9 said, ââ¬Å"He gambled for support and I gave it to him. I want to hear more. â⬠By convincing one person to change their vote, it forced everybody to listen to more arguments, and possibly change their thinking on the case. The third reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that he re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first time Juror #8 re-enacted a scene was when he proves that the old man could not have walked from his bedroom to the hallway in fifteen seconds. He did this by measuring how far his bedroom was from he hallway, and then walking it himself. It took him thirty-one seconds, making it impossible for the old man to have made it in fifteen. By doing this re-enactment, he changed the minds of several other jurors. With the points I have given, Juror #8 is the most important juror. Not only did he do what he felt was the right thing to do, but he also may have saved a boyââ¬â¢s life. For these reasons Juror #8 is the most important juror in Twelve Angry Men. Juror # 3, a so called sadistic man who had at one point in the movie admitted he would pull the switch himself to end the boys life. It was never revealed why #3 feels so passionate about putting the boy to death. Numerous reasons can influence a jurys decision, such as personal prejudice and emotional make-up of individual jurors, personal life history such as home life and environment. Many elements can alter a jurorââ¬â¢s decision. Juror #8 tries to convince #3 how the boy is not guilty beyond reasonable doubt but #3 does not listen and would rather see the boy die. ââ¬Å"For this kid, you bet Id pull the switchâ⬠. This shows how emotionally unstable Juror #3 is. He is a grown man living in a civilized community and would like to see a boy who he does not even know die by his own hands. Because of Juror # 8, the others must now go over the whole case again to review the facts. Juror #3, who is convinced that the boy is guilty, and is allied with Juror #4, who is eventually convinced by #8 showing of how the two testimonies given by the older woman and old man are lies, stating that the old man who had a stroke the previous year and walked with a limp, could not have witnessed the boy running down the stairs calming that it were impossible for the man to get from one room, down the hall and to the latched door in enough time to see the boy. The woman who wore glasses clamed to be in bed unable to sleep when she saw the boy murder his father, though she wore glasses and when in bed is unrealistic to be wearing them while trying to sleep. Both statements with reasonable doubt. The way which the father was stabbed being another, the boy was a experienced knife fighter and the way the father was stabbed did not correlate with the way someone with experience with knifes especially a switch blade would follow through with the act. #4 sees the truth in that #8 has brought to attention and still votes guilty. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-26745233219648333312020-02-29T19:00:00.001-08:002020-02-29T19:00:04.645-08:00America Has Seen A Great Amount Of Social Change During The Past Few D America Has Seen A Great Amount Of Social Change During The Past Few D Essay ecades. From they way we eat to the way we treat our criminals to the safety of our children at school, things have definitely changed. The rash of recent school shootings is a sure sign of the breakdown in parenting and a lack of family values being taught to our children. The highly processed foods that we are eating have led to a nation, which is severely overweight and ill. The Criminal Justice system in this country is a joke; it has been shown to be biased against minorities and the poor. A guilty rich man is known as a free man, while a poor murderer is destined for years on death row. In the Kip Kinkel article we are given a view of Kips life as told by his friends and classmates. A symbolic interactionist would say that this violence is caused by a break down in the childs social structures, organizations, and culture. The main social structure to decline is that of the family. Twenty to thirty years ago the family was much stronger. There were less single parent homes and the divorce rate was lower. Since these changes have taken place, families have demised and some children have become unruly. A Structural functionalist would say that the fast food we eat serves two purposes. The first purpose, which is the manifest function, is food which is served almost as fast as it is ordered. This would be a good function of fast food, since it has been labeled fast food. The second function, or latent function of fast food, is the battle of the bulge, which many Americans are fighting due to their dependency on fast, over processed food. The food industry is interrelated with corporate America and also with poor Americans. Corporate America generally gives its workers thirty minutes to an hour to eat lunch. To get out get a bite to eat and get back to work in this time; one needs to go to a fast food restaurant. In these same restaurants you will find workers who are paid very little and who do not have many benefits if any, since only the managers are full time employees. The criminal justice system is a hot bed for conflict theorist. Conflict theory is based on the idea that all society has inequality, and theses inequalities lead to societal strain. Minorities and the poor are disproportionately imprisoned in this country. The rich are able to afford competent defense attorneys, while the poor are given low paid public defenders. These defenders are usually friends of the judges and wish for the cases to be rushed through the system. The inequalities in education, housing, and wages have led some to resort to crime. We all aspire to obtain the American Dream. But due to the class system the rich are getting very rich, while the poor are wallowing in an even worse state. It does not feel good knowing that the legal lynching of minorities and foreigners still take place today. By acquitting police of murder because they were afraid of a man and his wallet, we send a message to the country saying it is okay to kill a Black man as long as you feel unsafe. While, on the other end of the spectrum a Black man defending himself from a police officer is sent to death row for his murder. Being a Black man in this country I think a bout the social changes which affect me on a day to day basis. I am a conflict theorist to the core. Without equality we will continue to live in a broken nation. The countrys dependency on fast food also needs to change and it needs to do so just as fast as they produce the food. Many Americans have put on extra pounds because of eating fast foods and processed foods. READ: A History of Theatrical Illumination EssayThe social fabric of our nation has undergone a radical change. Some changes such, as the Internet and communication tools are good. While, the changes I have discussed in this paper are definitely not good. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-46501282087853622292020-02-13T11:47:00.001-08:002020-02-13T11:47:03.564-08:00Read a case and reflect on it Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsRead a case and reflect on it - Research Paper Example The court did not find any of the parties enjoined in the case liable for the events that occurred. More so, the appellate court affirmed the verdict of the lower court; the court maintained that the lower court was right to vindicate the bar from taking responsibility of the drunk driverââ¬â¢s actions. According to the appellate court, the trial court did not err in withholding that there is no coverage under the Commercial General Liability section in Mid-Continents policies. It also upheld the lower courtââ¬â¢s ruling that Luckyââ¬â¢s did not in any way endanger the life of the driver, the victim, or its employees; hence Luckyââ¬â¢s Grille & Billiards had no obligation to cater for the moverââ¬â¢s claims. The court ruled that Luckyââ¬â¢s Grille & Billiardsââ¬â¢ insurer, Mid-Continent Insurance Company, did not have to foot the plaintiffââ¬â¢s bills because he complainant failed to put Luckyââ¬â¢s in charge of the situation. Despite the fact that the accident occurred in the barââ¬â¢s packing lot, there is no evidence linking the bar to the accident. The appellantââ¬â¢s claims that Doty left the bar intoxicated, and hence unfit to drive, could not be proven since employees at Luckyââ¬â¢s could not confirm the same. The fact that the bar could not be linked to the incident means that its insurer was also not party to the claims. In addition, even if the plaintiff proved that the bar was responsible, Mid-Continent would be absolved of any claims since its insurance policies do not cater for customers after leaving the bar. The courts were, therefore, right in their adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-67395895849580487592020-02-01T08:14:00.001-08:002020-02-01T08:14:03.385-08:00Challenge in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsChallenge in the Workplace - Essay Example He was quite angry because he had been making calls to our company and had suffered the run around by the people who were assigned to help him. When I received his call and learned of his plight, I looked up his inquiry and discovered that his check was ready but not yet sent out for some reason. I informed him of this problem and assured him that I would call him at the end of the day with an update regarding his claim. Normally, a check release request does not require a personal call follow up with the client. But I decided to make an exception in this case due to extenuating circumstances. After I had contacted the right departments in order to get the check cleared for release, I made sure to get the check into the mailing queue by the end of the day. I then called the client back and informed him that his check was honestly in the mail and gave him the routing number for future reference. The client was pleased with my work and thanked me profusely for helping him out. Needless to say, he was one happy client but I had to suffer the penalty of having to explain my actions to my supervisor. Although I had to accept a written warning attached to my employee file because of my actions, I strongly believe that I did the right thing. In fact, I would not change a single action I took that day if I had to do it all again. After all, company policies are in place to protect the company but do not exist to prevent clients from getting their just dues from the company. If a little manipulation of company policy will not affect the overall company function, then going that extra mile for the client should only serve to give the person a better partnership experience with the company.à adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-90553839596476043442020-01-24T04:38:00.001-08:002020-01-24T04:38:02.639-08:00The Futility of War: an Analysis of Erich Maria Remarqueââ¬â¢s All Quiet onFront Stories of wars and the resulting victories are usually told in highly embellished narratives that seek to cover the grim realities of war as much as they aim to whip up popular emotion in order to ensure support for any future wars among the masses. However, war, by its very nature, is neither desirable nor its outcome praiseworthy. Erich Maria Remarqueââ¬â¢s All Quiet on the Western Front lays bare the gritty, gruesome and ultimately self-defeating nature of wars. As Paul Baumer and his soldier comrades enlist and join the Germany Army in order to defeat the enemy, they themselves are slowly vanquished, first psychologically and finally physically through death. As the soldier members Paul Baumerââ¬â¢s company are slowly killed in battle, he becomes more and more disillusioned with the war, especially since he and his friends had enlisted with idealistic aims fed to them by their teacher Kantorek. Instead of patriotic glory and poetic war victories, Paul and his friends foun d defeat and ephemeral triumphs; instead of honor, they encountered dishonor; instead of personal growth and advancement, they found stagnation and watched their youthful dreams die. Through the war experiences of Paul Baumer as depicted in the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, the ultimate tragedy of war is revealed; it destroys the lives of its very agents ââ¬â the soldiers ââ¬â by crashing their dreams and claiming their lives for little discernible overall gain. Going To War Ultimately, Paul Baumer and his high school mates enthusiastically enlisted and went to war first out of a sense of youthful adventure. Barely out of their teens, Paul and his high school mates are not old enough to understand the socio-economic and political factors that charact... ... war as captured by the leaders of the war hardly depicts the futility of war, and only the through the accounts of soldiers on the front does the truth emerge, as it does in the novel ââ¬â that war is counter-productive. Works Cited Hunt, Nigel. "The contribution of All Quiet on the Western Front to our understanding of psychological trauma." European Psychiatry 19, no. 8 (2004): 489-493. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. Trans. A. W. Wheen. New York: Fawcett Books, 1982. Robinett, Jane. "The Narrative Shape of Traumatic Experience." Literature & Medicine 26, no. 2 (Fall2007 2007): 290-311. Tighe, Joseph A. 2004. "All Quiet on the Western Front: A Phenomenological Investigation of War." Critical Survey 16, no. 3(Fall 2004): 48-61. Ware, Thomas C. "Remarque's ALL QUIET ON THE WESTERN FRONT." Explicator 63, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 99-100. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-58840318591647529052020-01-16T01:02:00.001-08:002020-01-16T01:02:03.541-08:00Truth in SentencingTruth-in-sentencing debate Learning Team B CJA/204 November 26, 2012 Deana Bohenek Truth-In-Sentencing Debate Opening Argument Truth-in-sentencing laws do not deter crime. The federal truth-in-sentencing law guarantees that certain violent offenders will serve at least 85% of their sentenceà (Schmalleger, 2012). However, if the offender acts accordingly in prison, he or she can attain parole for good behavior. What about the victims? Victims do not want to hear this. If an offender is sentenced for 30 years, the victim wants justice and wants to see the full 30 years served.They do not want to see the offender getting released after 25 years. The truth-in-sentencing laws are the judgesââ¬â¢ guideline when choosing the sentence of the offender. The law is a structured guideline for sentencing the offenders. However, the judge can deviate from the guidelines if there are mitigating and aggravating circumstances. Look at plea bargaining,à this is still a possibility even though t here are truth-in-sentencing laws in place. The offender knows that if they get caught, they can plea bargain for a lesser sentence and be back out on the streets sooner.Let me say it again, truth-in-sentencing laws do not deter crime. The offenders know they will get out of prison soon through a plea bargain or parole. They know they can avoid serving the full sentence that the judge imposed on him or her. The only way to deter crime and reduce recidivism is to abolish the possibility of parole and ensure that the sentence the judge renders is carried out to full-term. Obviously, to take away the option for parole would mean that the prison populations would increase. Well, we should take the funds left over from overhead to run the parole division and build more prisons to house these offenders.The longer we keep them off the streets, the safer society will be. Rebuttal Argument Each state has to look at the amount of money being spent to house each inmate they have in custody. Be cause the Truth-In Sentencing Law wants to keep the offender behind bars until they complete their entire sentence/term in prison no matter what the costs are to the public. Meaning, everyoneââ¬â¢s hard earned incomeà (taxes) are used to keep them in their present place of occupancy. This law depletes the services we receive from our state revenues.We donââ¬â¢t have much say in the budget spending but we do see the increase in taxes used for each state program. I have to disagree with the statement made ââ¬Å"The offenders know they will get out of prison sooner through a plea bargain or parole. â⬠à Not all offenders before or during their trial will know the outcome of sentencing. Many do not have the option for plea bargaining because plea bargaining depends on the severity of the crime committed. Instead, if the case went directly to trial, (this includes judge and jury) the accused might have a chance of plea bargaining.No plea bargaining makes the offender elig ible for a parole based on his or her behavior during incarceration and no plea bargaining being offered. But if society had no parole system, then the correctional system will have to face overcrowding in the institutions. The lack of Rehabilitation for said prisoner would be non-effective because there would be no programs such as work-time credit or good-time credit, which is the main reason why early release would benefit them. With those programs the time served by offenders would be less and would allow the offenders to enter back into society.The fear of re-entry of said offenders are the defense for keeping them locked up. These programs should be used for offenders that have this as a first offense on their record and have shown they can be productive in todayââ¬â¢s society. Not all inmates are repeat offenders some are just non-violent offenses but carry a great penalty. When I was younger it was a big deal to go to jail because it showed most people that they were a â â¬Å"badassâ⬠, a badge of honor, and should be feared. In my eyes it was a waste of mind, body, and productive individual. Those same individuals found when they came out ithout a trade they were worthless and the only way to survive was crime and more time in jail. In Illinois, Governor Pat Quinn on October 2, 2012 has reinstated the program for ââ¬Å"Good-timeâ⬠releases,à a way to bring down the overcrowding in his state and federal prison system. Opening Argument Truth-in-Sentencing laws deter crime because they ensure that offenders are in prison for at least 85% of their sentence. Therefore, the convicted offenders stay in prison for longer periods and not able to commit additional crimes and endanger the member of society.TIS laws are the assurance of longer prison terms as punishment and serve as an effective deterrent from criminal actions to the serving offender and others who may be considering criminal acts. The laws provide the ability for the criminal just ice system to operate more effectively by lowering violent crimes as well punishing violent criminals. Accordingà to the publication fromà Universityà of Alabama at Birmingham (2005) citing data from Bureau of Justice Statistics, in the decade following the passage and implementation of the truth-in-sentencing laws in 1994, the arrests for violent crimes were reduced by 16% by the year of 2005.The TIS laws also limit some of the discretion of the judges and parole boards with regard to release of the offenders prematurely and being ââ¬Å"too softâ⬠on crime, thus eliminating the many possibilities for the offenders getting away without receiving the well-deserved punishment. The Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report from January 1999 indicates that prior to the TIS laws violent offenders barely served half the length of their sentences. What kind of message did that send to the convicted or potential criminals?With the availability of TIS laws, criminal justice adm inistrators can build public confidence by ensuring that the just punishment is served to anyone breaking the law. In the article written by Joanna Shepherd published in the Journal of Law and Economics, she makes this statement: ââ¬Å"Using a country-level data set, empirical results confirm that TIS laws deter violent offenders, increase the probability of arrest, and increase maximum imposed prison sentences. TIS laws decrease murders by 16%, aggravated assaults by 12%, robberies by 24%, rapes by 12%, and larcenies by 3%â⬠(Shepherd,à 2002,à p. 09). Today, more states are implementing the TIS laws and abolishing parole and indeterminate sentencing, demonstrating that the state legislature believes in this uniform application of justice processes and effectiveness of these laws in crime prevention. This information clearly shows that TIS laws are very effective in deterring crime by ensuring the stern and just punishment for offenders and sending the clear message to pot ential criminals that criminal behavior will be punished by lengthy imprisonment. Rebuttal ArgumentWhat about crime being committed in prisons around the world? Are we just going to ignore that fact because victimization is still happening across the boards of federal and state prisons? According toà a writer of Theà New Yorker, Adam Gopnik, darkly described America prisons as ââ¬Å"the moral scandal of America life. Prison rape is so endemic- more than seventy thousand prisoners are raped each year. â⬠That is routinely held out as a threat, part of punishment to be expected. â⬠(Gopnik, 2012). The National inmate survey reported that ââ¬Å"An estimated 4. 4% of prison inmates and 3. % of jail inmates reported experiencing one or more incidents of victimization by another inmate or facility staff since admission to the facilityà (Beck & Harrison, 2010). The total federal and state population in 2010 was 1,605,127, while the total jail population in 2009 was 767,62 0. This implies that there were over 94,000 victims subject to multiple violations (Beck & Harrison, 2010). No I don't agree with the fact that offenders being incapacitated for longer periods of time don't commit another crime. For people who want to do so, they will commit crimes anyway, and largely at that.Especially, the incentive behind good time credit is to have offenders behave in prison. If you lock them up in less than ideal conditions with no incentive to behave appropriately while incarcerated, they will be a population difficulty to control because they have nothing to lose. Earning good time credit gives them an insight to behave well inside. As for truth-in sentencing laws, I don't know if Ià would actually say it is a deterrent or at least how much of a deterrent ità is, but I think it isà important nonetheless. Prior to 2003, legislation allowed for automatic emission of every sentence imposed to be reduced by one third (Chong, 2008). If the offender was made eligible for parole, a portion of that sentence is served under supervision in the community to enable their reintegrationà into the community when released (Chong, 2008). Legislation introduced in 2003 abolished the automatic remission provision, so the sentenceà imposed would more truly reflect the time to be served. In its place, legislation required courts to adjust the sentence actually imposed by one third, to reflect the abolition of automatic remission (Chong, 2008).What the government has done isà replaceà automatic remission with reduction of sentence (Chong, 2008). The more things change, the more they remain the same. Sentences are more or less durationà for the same type of offenses (Chong, 2008). Some say the money being used for these criminals sitting inà jail should be more valuable of utilizing for workà time credits and more programsà for educational, substance abuse, psychiatric help programs for these offenders before being released out into the world again.I think it will better prepare themselves rather than not knowing what to do and all they are use to is theà jail's way of life in which they will end up backà in having that kind of mind set. References Beck, A. J. , & Harrison, P. M. (2010, August). Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates, 2008-09. Bureau of Justice Statistics, Retrieved from http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/press/svpjri0809pr. cfm Chong, P. (2008, June 19). The Truth about ââ¬ËTruth in Sentencing'. WAtoday. Retrieved from http://blogs. watoday. com. u/theverdict/2008/06/the_truth_about. html Ditton, P. M. , & Wilson, D. J. (1999, January). Truth in Sentencing in State Prisons. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report,à (NCJ 170032). Retrievedà fromà http://bjsdata. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/pdf/tssp. pdf Gopnik, A. (2012, January 30). The Caging of America. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www. newyorker. com/arts/critics/atlarge/2012/01/30/12030crat _atlarge_gopnik Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminal Justice Today: An Introductory Text for the 21st Century, 11th ed. Upper Saddle River: NJ. Shepherd, J. M. (2002, adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-22678137550943870512020-01-07T21:23:00.001-08:002020-01-07T21:23:03.786-08:00Common Causes And Treatment Of Oral Ulcers - 910 Words Oral ulcers are shallow sores inside the mouth or near the mouth. They may be referred to as canker sores or cold sores, which are two types of oral ulcers. Many oral ulcers are harmless and go away on their own, but some cases may require medical treatment to determine the cause and proper treatment. CAUSES In some cases, the cause of this condition may not be known. Common causes include: â⬠¢ Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection. â⬠¢ Emotional stress. â⬠¢ Foods or chemicals that irritate the mouth. â⬠¢ Injury or physical irritation of the mouth. â⬠¢ Medicines. â⬠¢ Allergies. â⬠¢ Tobacco use. Less common causes include: â⬠¢ Skin disease. â⬠¢ The herpes virus (herpes simplex). When oral ulcers are caused by herpes simplex, they are commonly referred to as cold sores or fever blisters. â⬠¢ Oral cancer. RISK FACTORS Oral ulcers are more likely to develop in: â⬠¢ People who wear dental braces, dentures, or retainers. â⬠¢ People who donââ¬â¢t keep their mouth clean and brush their teeth regularly. â⬠¢ People with sensitive skin. â⬠¢ People with conditions that affect their entire body (systemic conditions), such as immune disorders. SYMPTOMS The main symptom of this condition is one or more oval-shaped or round ulcers with red borders, which are usually about à ¼ inch (6 mm) in size. The cause of the ulcers can cause variation in the symptoms that you experience, such as: â⬠¢ Location of the ulcers. They may be inside the mouth, on the gums and the insides of the lipsShow MoreRelatedchancroid1376 Words à |à 6 Pages Chancroid at a Glance A sexually transmitted disease (STD) Common symptoms include sores on the genitals Treatment is available Easily spread Condoms reduce your risk of infection Want to get tested for chancroid? FIND A HEALTH CENTER STDs are very common. But we can protect ourselves and each other from STDs like chancroid. Learning more about chancroid is an important first step. Here are some of the most common questions we hear people ask about chancroid. We hope you find theRead MoreThe Disease Of Behcet s Disease924 Words à |à 4 PagesBehcet s Disease Association [ABDA], 2014). The disease, recognized worldwide, can affect multiple systems in the human body and associated with morbidity and mortality. Dr. Hulusi Behcet (2014) first described the disease as a triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and ocular inflammation (ABDA, 2014). The epidemiology behind this disease indicates its prevalence in multiple countries. It is less prevalent in the United States and Western Europe. According to National Organization for Rare DisordersRead MorePancreatic Cancer Case Study Essay1621 Words à |à 7 PagesValdez who has been diagnosed of pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is often not diagnosed until it is advanced because the cancer usually causes no early symptoms, leading to metastatic disease at time of diagnosis (Brown Edwards, 2008). I am going to foc us on the adverse patient events that may occur in the oncology department during the course of treatment and nursing care for Mr. Valdez, and the evidence based nursing practice to improve patient outcome. 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The organism had been researched by several scientists around the world since 1875; however none of them was successfully culture it. Until 1982, Dr. Barry Marshall and Dr. Robin Warren succeeded in observing the colonies, and thus became the first scientists to discover this bacterium. By self-testing, Dr. Marshall drank a liquid that contained H. pylori culture. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-24200950488124459182019-12-30T17:49:00.001-08:002019-12-30T17:49:03.284-08:00Watching An Excessive Amount Of Television - 935 Words In recent discussions of watching an excessive amount of television, a controversial issue has been whether it is good or bad. On the one hand, some argue that it affects our mental and physical health. From this perspective, it is clear that heavy TV watching is not beneficial. 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For example, In the Nation Of Vidiots, by Jeffrey Sachsââ¬â¢ he explains why TV is unhealthy by saying, ââ¬Å"Certainly, heavy TV viewing is bad for oneââ¬â¢s physical and mental health.â⬠(442) The viewers not only waste their valuable time, but it canShow MoreRelated Television and Society Essay763 Words à |à 4 PagesTelevision and Society In Marie Winnââ¬â¢s Essay ââ¬Å"Television: The Plug In Drug,â⬠she states, ââ¬Å"Televisionââ¬â¢s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one.â⬠Winn focuses on the issue of televisions influence in the lives of American families. Her emphasis is on the mediums influence on children. Although she makes a strong case for the negative influence of television, she fails to consider all of the benefits television has brought to American families. 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However, the media and entertainment industries would eventually expand their ideas for new channel stations, so that the industriesRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Children1733 Words à |à 7 Pageson end. Televisions and Tablets are the twenty-first century babysitters. The average child spends an astounding 7.5 hours per day on some form of technology (Rowan 2), when the recommend allotted amount of time should be no more than two hours (Kaneshiro 1). Technolo gy is rapidly evolving, making limitless possibilities available for entertainment. This virtual ââ¬Å"babysitterâ⬠enables the parents to devote all their time and effort into their work or engross in technology with limited amounts of distraction adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-43762202056534565572019-12-22T13:37:00.001-08:002019-12-22T13:37:04.230-08:00Labor Costs And Its Impact On The Workplace Essay Labor Expenses Even with the advances in technology the increased labor cost can be a reason a problem while involving the contractors for work, since it is usually a set of workers who can be hired for the extra hours of man work to e done at the plant. Or it could be the case where the part of a work that can be outsourced to a different location and the remaining part of production can be done simultaneously. Amgis had to face such a problem of increased production, but because of strict labor laws and union rules the company was not in a position to hire additional permanent employees nor make the employees work overtime. This led to a decision to outsource its production to a third party vendor to compensate the requirement of increased production. This decision eventually got the company into more cost problems than what was supposed to make its original employees work overtime. This consequently also affected the profit margin of the company irrespective of the good sales turnout. The manufacturing Leverage Index calculated by subtracting the production increase percent from the percentage change of casual labor cost was in negative leverage. Which usually is a bad precedent for the company s performance for Amgis, was highlighted through the KPIs. So in order to solve the problem the Six sigma methodology was deployed. In the define phase the current process map revealed that manpower that is required based on the demand for the product. Which in other words meansShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities and Differences between Biff and Happy1188 Words à |à 5 PagesHuman Cost from the Industrial Growth in China In recent years, many studies have examined the eï ¬â¬ects of economic development on the health and mortality of people. Many studies have found that growth in income has positive eï ¬â¬ects on improving health and reducing mortality in developing countries. However, the eï ¬â¬ects of growth on workplace fatalities in developing countries has been ignored. Although the government alleges that workplace safety has improved, the number of workplace deathsRead MoreWorkplace Safety : Safety And Safety918 Words à |à 4 Pages Organizational Safety Program Safety in the workplace has become a major focus on many organizations due to many accidents and deaths. 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Due to the increase in pension and benefit plans per employee, businesses compare rates to the open market. After the retirement of employees, businesses are required to fund pensions because of pension plan agreements. Also, unions can increase pension and benefit plans when negotiating new collective bargaining agreements, continually raising this business cost. Interests the union itself may tryRead MoreTypes of Testing and the Impacts on Employers and Employees Essay example1633 Words à |à 7 PagesTypes of Testing and the Impact on Employers and Employees The modern businesses entities operate in an environment that is highly competitive and dynamic. In this respect, organizations are always on the alert looking to attract the most suitable and capable personnel. 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Unions work based on the idea that groupRead MorePositive Effects Of Four Day Workweek1547 Words à |à 7 PagesWork-life balance has been a popular topic for employees across all age and occupations for years, representing a rising concern of contemporary human resource management and labor policies. This topic has attracted the attention from the millennium generation, who is stepping into the market and beginning to grow a career. Therefore considering the increasing demand, well-designed workforce planning with diverse scheduling options offered to employees appears to be extra credits for most companies adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-6230903915553202002019-12-14T10:07:00.001-08:002019-12-14T10:07:02.256-08:00Compare and Contrast China Free Essays Compare and Contrast Essay The Mongols and the Franks similate in many different ways that lead to such rapid conquest throughout different regions in the world. Some of the similarities were how both of the famous rulers, Charlemagne (Franks) and Genghis Khan (Mongols) divided up their land to family descendants such as Kublai Khan. Some main areas in which they differ is through their way of living, culture and there religions that they practiced and allowed to be practiced such as Christianity and Islam. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast China or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Mongols and Franks have similar traits such as great rulers, which led to the conquest of massive land areas, and also being nomadic. They differ in agriculture techniques/ practices and religion such as Christianity and Islam. The Mongols and Franks raised their empires to be very successful in the manner of conquering many regions in a very quick time. The most important ruler for the Franks was Charlemagne and Genghis Khan was the one who started the Mongol reign throughout all of Asia. Another way that they also similate is through their nomadic lifestyles. The Mongols, as well as the Franks, traveled very quickly to maintain land in a faster manner and to increase the sizes of their empires. This increased trading routes and also led to many more diseases such as the bubonic plague. Although the Franks and Mongols shared great leaders, they have quite a few differences as well. One difference is that the Mongols were pastoral, which is living on horseback with their domesticated animals. On the other hand, the Franks were mainly an agricultural based society, raising livestock and using plows in the fields. Another way these to empires differ is through culture. The Mongols were tolerant of the cultures that they conquered, meaning that they let the people they conquered practice the religion/rituals the might do as long as they stay loyal to the Mongols. Meanwhile, the Franks gave the barbarians no say in what they can do in their free time. That means they were to all convert to Christianity or they will die. Simple as that. The Mongols also practiced Islam, along with Christianity, which would set another difference between these two diverse areas. In conclusion, the Mongols and the Franks had similarities in the rise of the empire and also had differences but these are what made each empire be successful for such a short period of time. How to cite Compare and Contrast China, Essay examples adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-7842530866166129132019-12-06T06:30:00.001-08:002019-12-06T06:30:04.980-08:00Slavery Before the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade free essay sample What is the difference between slavery prior to the 14th century with that of slavery after the 15th century? Slavery existed long before the original slaves came to America. In fact, slavery prior to the 14th century differed greatly from slavery after the 15th century. Slavery was essential to many economic and social structures. For example, ancient Greece and Rome had many slaves. They differed from the form of slavery after the 15th century, though, due to the background of their slaves. Slavery was not necessarily racial or ethnic in origin prior to 15th century slavery. It was often captured enemies of war from many different places. However, when the Trans-Atlantic trade began, the majority of the slaves were African. Another difference is that the Africans were treated as objects, whereas prior to the 14th century, they were not legally the same as objects. Another difference is the jobs that they occupied. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery Before the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, the majority of the Athenian slaves were domestic servants, but the majority of African Americans had brutal and tedious jobs such working in fields all day. Slaves were also used to enforce religions, such as Islam. The Ottoman Empire forcibly converted approximately one million non-Muslims. However, the main purpose of Africans in the Americas was primarily as a work force. A significant difference was that of the Aztec slavery. For them, slavery was not considered hereditary. Therefore, a slaveââ¬â¢s child was free. After the 15th century, a slaveââ¬â¢s child was still considered a slave: it was hereditary. Slave trade was different before the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-42286252708217981952019-11-28T23:56:00.001-08:002019-11-28T23:56:03.477-08:00Philippine Fruits Export Study free essay sample The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics or BAS is an agency under the Department of Agriculture, which was started by government efforts to improve the agricultural database in the country. The Bureau provides the statistical records, results and changes of our Agriculture and it also provides technical assistance to end-users in accessing and analyzing product, market information and technology.Looking back, our countryââ¬â¢s agricultural data system suffered from significant gaps, some duplications and occasional issues on the relevance of some data series to our exports and consumers. The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics is the principal government agency for the efficient collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of official statistics on agriculture and fisheries as inputs to policy and decision towards a sustainable agricultural development.Moreover, the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics is a credible agricultural statistical organization delivering high quality prod ucts and services by a competent workforce, using appropriate technologies to support the information needs of stakeholders. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Fruits Export Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Bureau of Agricultural Statistics were constructed because of three major reasons, first the agency responsible for agricultural statistics, the Bureau of Agricultural Economics or(BAEcon), was originally set up as a user rather than a producer of statistics. Second, the development of agriculture statistics received very low priority in the sharing of limited resources allotted to the statistical system and lastly the widespread duplication of statistical activities among government agencies resulting in conflicting figures and confusion among data users. To respond to these conditions, the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics was established as one of the seven bureaus of the Department of Agriculture under Executive Order No. 116 issued on January 30, 1987, to take charge of the production of statistics on agriculture, fishery and related field of our country.In the year 2000, the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics structural organization was strengthened and reoriented pursuant to the relevant provisions of the DA Administrative Order No. 6 series of 1998 in compliance with the provisions of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act or RA8435 of 1997. Finally, this law designates the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics as the central information source and server of the National Information Network (NIN) of the Department of Agriculture. The researchers decided to focus on the fruits export of the Philippines, as it is one of the most important in our agriculture. The researchers also chose to study and analyze two samples which are the fruits export in the year 2008(Sample 1) and the fruits export of 2009(Sample 2). The researchers chose to study and analyze 11 kinds of fruits in each sample. The researchers want to test if there was a difference in the two related populations through hypothesis testing. There are numerous factors that may lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis of this study claims that the mean population difference is equal to zero, H0: D=0.Because the researchers want to prove that the fruit exports increased from year 2008 to year 2009, and because the difference is computed by subtracting year 2009 fruits export from year 2008 fruits export, the desired alternative hypothesis is Ha: D0. The study is significant for it will determine the factors that may lead to the possible change in the difference between the two dependent samples (fruits export of year 2008 and fruits export of year 2009). This study is also important for it will help the Bureau of Agricultural Statistics to determine how they can improve and increase the fruits export of the Philippines.The group will determine if there was a mean population difference between the two samples. If there was a change, the group will then compute for the confidence interval to estimate the difference between the two samples. The mean population difference will then determine the factors that may lead to this change. This will also help the Bureau of Agriculture determine the actions they should take in order for them to improve their fruits export. Moreover, this study will amplify the importance of fruits export in the Philippines. Problem IdentificationThe researchers want to determine and see if there was a difference between the two related populations. They want to determine and see if the exportation of fruits in 2009 was greater than the exportations of fruits in 2008. Furthermore, the researchers also want to prove their hypothesis that in the year 2009, it was better and therefore, had more exportation of fruits compared to year 2008. Summary of Data Gathering Methodology Fruits| 2008| 2009| Difference| Avocado| 6| 1| 5| Banana| 2,192,553| 1,664,055| 528498| Calamansi| 20| 34| -14| Chico| 4| 0. 9| 3. 1|Durian| 3| 1| 2| Jackfruit| 30| 25| 5| Mango| 20845| 20381| 464| Mangosteen| 1| 0. 9| 0. 1| Papaya| 2878| 2305| 573| Pineapple| 291676| 204505| 87171| Watermelon| 535| 549| -14| Values are in metric tons. Figures obtained from the Bureau of Agricultural statistics(http://countrystat. bas. gov. ph/selection. asp)| Using the formula for dependent samples, the researchers subtracted the fruit exports of 2008 from the fruit exports of 2009. The researchers got the mean sample difference by dividing the summation of the sample difference in pairs by the number of pairs.Using the t formula for dependent samples, the researchers came up with the observed value of 1. 17, which is lesser than the critical value of 1. 182. Since the researchers accepted the null hypothesis, it clearly indicates that there is a change between mean differences of two populations. There is enough evidence to conclude that the fruits export of year 2009 did not increase significantly compared to the fruits export of year 2008, as 1. 17 is very near to the critical t value of 1. 182. This result might be used by the Bureau of Agriculture to work more on the fruit exportation of the Philippines. The result also tells them to have extra effort in it, as it is a very important factor in the Philippineââ¬â¢s agriculture. Recommendations and Solutions For the improvement of fruit exportation of the Philippines, the researchers recommend that the Bureau of Agriculture invest more with it. The researchers suggest that they make projects specifically to increase the fruit exports of the Philippines. Furthermore, they should maintain these projects and continue to develop it in order for the number of the fruits export of the Philippines to increase significantly. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-32198470979143275662019-11-25T07:30:00.001-08:002019-11-25T07:30:02.562-08:00How Does Lord of the Flies reflect the Second World War essaysHow Does Lord of the Flies reflect the Second World War essays William Golding wrote " Lord of the Flies " after the Second World War was over. Many of the things that Golding wrote about can be related to aspects of war. One of the major themes in the book is the power struggle between Jack and Ralph. In war this represents the two sides, the Allies and the Axis. Many objects that are found in the book can also be related to war. For example the conch represented law and order so that when it was broken, it was symbolic of law and order breaking down because the conch was so visual. This emphasised its broken state. One of the major points that Golding wrote about was the power struggle between the two main characters Jack and Ralph. Throughout the book they represented the breakdown of relations between England and Germany. When the boys crashed onto the island, Ralph was immediately voted as the leader because he was very handsome and, at first had somewhat of a rapport with the boys. This strongly represented England just before the Second World War had started. England was a very civilised country, with great industrial strength and a big empire with strong forces. She looked impressive compared to less modernised countries. Germany was still strong but they had a much smaller empire with much less power. The Germans were also still paying reparations for their actions in world war one and were coming out of a period of hyperinflation. Germany was envious of England and in "Lord of the Flies" the jealousy that Jack feels towards Ralph is enormous and represents the situation between Engla nd and Germany before World War two. Golding represents Hitler as Jack in the group of schoolboys. He conveys to the reader how cruel Jack is by showing us how a schoolboy can change into a murderer. A good example of this is in an early chapter we see that Jack is unable to kill the pig. When he finally does kill a pig, there is a significant change in Jack, which ultimately lead to the boys' downfall... adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-27679397018183310242019-11-21T14:54:00.001-08:002019-11-21T14:54:03.180-08:00Price Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 wordsPrice Controls - Essay Example Price ceiling refers to the highest amount that can be charged for a product. Ceiling price controls determines the highest prices that might be charged for a particular commodity but do not limit transactions at lower prices below the ceiling price. On the other hand, price floor is the minimum amount charged for the product. However, just like in the case of price ceilings, price floor controls do not limit transactions at higher prices above the floor price (Newberry, 09). The government agency may be encouraged to fix and enforce the exact prices for which certain commodity or commodities may be sold. Alternatively, the government through the agency-as discussed above-might decides to set ceilings and floor prices for particular goods or services. The market prices determined by the interaction of the demand and supply curves are the basic building blocks for most economies. Consumers taste for a commodity will determine how much of the product they will be willing to buy at a given price. Consumers tend to buy more of a commodity as its prices declines (Newberry, 87). Companies in turn, decide on how much they will be willing to supply to the market at different prices. If consumers agree to pay more for a commodity, then more suppliers will be tempted to produce the product. The increased prices motivate manufacturers to increase their production capabilities by conducting research to improve the quality of the products. Therefore, the supply of goods in the market increases with an increase in the productââ¬â¢s price (Wise, 32). This dynamic interaction provides the equilibrium market price of the commodity where sellers and buyers can transact freely. The price that results from this interaction causes the quantity of goods being demanded by customers to be equal to the supply produced by manufacturers. In most countries, the government is going through hard times trying to control prices for some commodities. For instance, one of the critical issues that were facing American citizens by the year 2001 was how to manage prescription drug prices, particularly for senior who depend on Medicare coverage. Some policy makers at the time tried to encourage the government to directly contract with drug manufacturers to purchase drugs for the seniors-at the government set prices. However, despite numerous attempts by the policy maker, that kind of price control proved to be harmful to the American citizens. Considering the above example and many other similar cases, this paper will try to analyze the problems associated with price controls (Wise, 145). 2. Constitutional Issues affecting Price Control It is a common practice that every gov ernment will always gain favor from the voters and its constituents when it lowers prices of any popular commodity (Age?nor and Carlos, 89). That is, prices to some extent limit the welfare of an individual as it will reduce the amount of products consumed. Therefore, lowering the price will definitely increase the welfare of consumers especially if the prices are for popular good within a country. The government also gains favor from firms and lobbyists when it raises prices of some goods-that will earn them profits. Given these benefits to policymakers, you should not be surprised on discovering that price control is a common practice in history of most Western economies (Age?nor and Carl adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-81008786512286791712019-11-20T14:52:00.001-08:002019-11-20T14:52:04.524-08:00Do violent video games cause behaviour problems EssayDo violent video games cause behaviour problems - Essay Example Kids, teens and adults all play these games and enjoy to the hilt, but various studies have shown that such violent game play affects the human mind rather severely. Teens suffering from various peer problems take out their frustration over these games and become more and more holed up by being in front of their computers or Playstation the whole day. Although video games are a great and innovative invention, every technology has its positive and negative aspects. Parents should guide their children in the correct manner to help them stay unaffected by the fictional world they are shown in these games. Also, the game makers at large should also keep in mind the dire aspects of their games and try and mellow them down a bit. As so many youngsters swear by such video games, they are a great way of teaching them so many useful things by developing games with a more practical storyline, and which involve something much more than just people blowing their heads adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-59307920582576198182019-11-18T12:04:00.001-08:002019-11-18T12:04:04.304-08:00Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsCase Study - Essay Example It has also been viewed that investing in water and energy conservation, replacing linen bed cover, pillow covers with cotton products, and most significantly renovation of the hotel with environment friendly products have helped in establishing eco-friendly environment attracting more customers. In-depth analysis of case scenario has further revealed about the benefits specially replacing non-toxic cleaning agent with the ecofriendly cleaning agent. Additionally, it was also found that the toxic material present within it can lead to the occurrence of critical diseases such as cancer, reproductive disorders, respiratory ailments, and eye and skin irritations. Additionally, it has been analyzed that the advanced environmental sustainability initiatives assist the hotel to generate new business with government, non-government agencies and corporate bodies. In this context, this further assisted the hotel to gain goodwill within the market, which ultimately resulted in its success. The cost incurred while installing the eco-friendly equipmentââ¬â¢s can be expensive. However, it can be stated that cost would help in attracting more customers who are more conscious about the environmental matters or believe in eco-friendly activities (Lawrence and weber 484- 489). 2. Kimpton EarthCare program was develop with the prime motive of establishing an eco-friendly environment within the hotel by using superior quality, non-invasive, eco-friendly products and services at all the branches of the hotel located all over the United States of America and other countries of its establishment. The accelerated industrial activities along with rapid increase in adapting products that contribute harmful chemicals in the environment are forcing the common masses to adapt eco-friendly products to avoid healthcare issues. Additionally, it has been viewed that the government of different countries and non-government organization are adapting measurements to spread the awareness of ad apting eco-friendly products. In this regard Kimpton EarthCare program provides a new dimension in the hotel industry. This program not only adapts new measurement to introduce different nontoxic cleaning products but also aims on adapting practices that would help mainly focus on printing 35 percent ââ¬Ëpost-consumer recycled paperââ¬â¢, saving almost 24,000 pounds of woods. The program also plans to recycle 100 glass bottles every month that would help in saving energy equal of powering almost 100-watt light bulbs for 60 days. Additionally, the policy of recycling paper and to use soy ink to print on recycle paper and the plan to introduce organic coffee in all the lobby of the hotel would help in reducing cost and also help in attracting customers by providing them with the best quality product. The policy of replacing the normal electric bulb with energy efficient bulb would help in reducing 70 percent of the total energy consumed. It is also worth mentioning that adapting such a huge change would also help in attracting association towards the hotel which would indirectly help it adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-5739572357360572302019-11-16T00:37:00.001-08:002019-11-16T00:37:13.001-08:00Science Empiricism RationalismScience Empiricism Rationalism The term social science is a misnomer which masks the necessarily different epistemic methods and ontological realities consistent with natural and social realms respectively. Critically appraise this claim In this essay I intend to dispute the notion that the term social science is a misnomer. Firstly, I will define social science, and then focus on the differences between rationalism and empiricism without whose existence there would be no epistemology. Empiricism will receive more attention due to the fact that that it has become the dominant epistemic approach, systematically and rigorously expressed through its offspring, ie ,materialism, sensism, positivism and naturalism. Second, I intend to allow ontological realities to manifest themselves through Kants articulation as both an empiricist and a rationalist. This will dispel uninteresting dichotomies and allow one to stand back, as it were, from ones own analysis of the topic. EPISTEMIC APPROACHES WITHIN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES:Rationalism and Empiricism. According to Marshall social science is a general label applied to the study of society and human relationshipsâ⬠¦The designation of an area of study as a social science usually carries the implication that it is comparable in many ways to a natural science (1994 :493). The implication here is that natural and social reality can be studied in the same way because both realities consist of relationships between facts, eg, cause and effect. Note should be taken of the fact that rationalists and empiricists, despite their different approaches in their quest for knowledge, have both contributed immensely to the birth of different academic disciplines to which even modern day intellectuals subscribe. More interesting is that each of the two epistemic approaches claims their method of enquiry gives birth to valid information or certainty. According to Hamlyn rationalism ,whose founder is Descartes is an epistemological doctrine that puts weight on reason or understanding, as distinct from the senses or sense perception(1987:134).On the other hand empiricists believe the only source of knowledge is experience. John Locke held the view that the scope of our knowledge is limited to, and by, our experience(Stumpf,1983:254). RATIONALISM (i)Descartes: This philosophical movement was initiated by Descartes and carried on with varying degrees of thoroughness by Spinoza and Leibnizâ⬠¦(Hamlyn, 1987:134). A rationalist relies on logic and principles of reasonableness in order to arrive at a conclusion. One would clarify this by giving an example popularized by Rene Descartes that it is only in relation to thinking that I am certain that I exist(Hamlyn,1987:138).Descartes continues to maintain that existence must be a property of a being who is conceived of as possessing all attributes in perfection (Hamlyn,1987:141).Kant opposed this view citing experience was not a property of a thing in the way that Descartes supposes. Leibniz went further by maintaining that existence depends on whether that conception is coherent or involves a contradiction(Hamlyn,1987:140).One can partly agree with Descartes view that existence is a property of a being, but to say that its creator is perfect is a product of human imagination. Perfection, by th e way, remains an imaginary construct when taking into account the context in which Descartes states his case. For example, in order for one to be declared perfect, one has to adhere to the standard guidelines which should be followed in order to create a particular thing or use a previous model as a yardstick or even improve on it. It is ones belief that rationalism has not been a dominant epistemic approach. Kant and Locke, for example, have imbibed both epistemic approaches. To take it further most modern day individuals employ both approaches in their daily activities. (ii)Spinoza There was also another rationalist called Spinoza in whose views rationalism received its most systematic and rigorous expression. His main work was called ethics. According to Stumpf ethics is concerned with actions that can be labeled right or wrong, good or bad, desirable or undesirable, worthy or unworthy. Also, ethics, is concerned with ones personal responsibility, duty, or obligation for his behaviour(1983:1)His concern with ethics should be understood in its proper context in that both the means and goals of social science investigation are intrinsically bound up with ethical considerations, especially when conducting research involving human subjects, eg., protection of privacy through informed consent. According to Hamlyn Spinoza provides â⬠¦a striking contrast with Descartes ,who had little concern with things ethical(1987:149).Spinoza felt that there are three kinds of knowledge, ie, knowledge of vague experience- when we generalize from casual and confused experience. The second kind is identified with reason, and the third one is intuition(Hamlyn,1987:152).The second and third kinds of knowledge reflect a rationalist view in that they are necessarily true, and reason regards things as necessary (iii)Leibniz According to Stumpf Leibniz was dissatisfied with the way Descartes and Spinoza had described the nature of substance because he felt they had distorted our understanding of human nature(1983:246).Spinoza defines substance as that which is in itself: I mean that the conception of which does not depend on the conception of another thing from which it must be formed(Stumpf,1983:241).Leibniz on the other hand takes it that substance as a basic form of existence must be absolutely simple ,for if it were complex it would be secondary to whatever it is composed of (Hamlyn,1987:159).This means that Leibniz and Spinoza somehow agree that substance should not depend on anything other that itself to exist. But one would argue that their view has defied logic in that every entity or substance is an offspring or a product of a particular thing. It is interesting that Leibniz, despite being a rationalist, sought empirical evidence to defend his principle that no two substances can differ solo numero (Hamlyn, 1987:162-163). He pointed to considerations that tree leaves are all different, and subscribed to similar evidence which was assessed through the newly invented microscope. EMPIRICISM According to Comte, empiricism is an epistemological doctrine that all knowledge proper must be subject to canons of verification in terms of experience(Hamlyn,1987:275). Marshall (1994:149) defines empiricism as a term often used, loosely, to describe an orientation to research which emphasizes the collection of facts and observations, at the expense of conceptual reflection and theoretical enquiry. This implies that knowledge must undergo rigorous interrogation so as to be sure that it has not defied science. Empiricism presents itself in four ways: Materialism, sensism, positivism, and naturalism. (i)Materialism: According to Marshall materialism means a range of metaphysical positions (philosophical views about the fundamental nature of reality)â⬠¦Whereas in classical times matter had been opposed to form, the dominant early modern contrast was between matter and spirit or mind(1994:315).Thinking of societies in terms of physical or material properties may be called materialism. We must also explain nature in terms of materialism. (ii)Sensism According to Knight all materialists are of course sensistsâ⬠¦Locke as one the empiricists, derives all simple ideas from external experience (sensations), all compound ideas modes, substances) from internal experience (reflection) (1999:1-see bibl.12 ).One can argue that sensism is problematic in that perceptions and judgements may differ with different individuals, leading to incessant speculation. (iii)Positivism The acknowledged founder of positivism was the French philosopher and social scientist Auguste Comte. He also came up with the invention of the term Sociology.In the context of positivism, positive facts are things that can be observed or measured. Positivists argue that only that which can be observed and measured can be studiedâ⬠¦(Le Roux et al,1986:174).This means that positivists regard grounding as very important in positive facts. An example would be Durkheims statement that there is a relationship between social integration and suicide(Haralambos,1980:496).This is real in that integration of people from various backgrounds, with different cultures can cause tension , alienation and personality disorganization According to Keat and Urry several conventionalist philosophers of science have been influenced by the later writings of Wittgenstein, and realist philosophy of science has partly been developed from the standpoint of scientific realism, a position which is opposed both to logical positivism and also to the movement of analytical philosophy inspired by Wittgenstein, Ryle and Austin(1980:6).It must be understood that although the realist and the positivist share amongst others a conception of science as an empirically-based, rational and objective enterprise, there is an important difference between explanation and prediction. Keat and Urry say that, for the realist, a scientific theory is a description of structures and mechanisms which causally generate the observable phenomena, a description which enables us to explain them(1980:5) It is worth mentioning how these varying accounts of positivism and realism expose knowledge as an elusive concept. After ones acceptance of positivism as irrefutable conception of the natural science, realism demands that we discover the necessary connections between phenomena, by deconstructing the observable phenomena. According to Keat and Urryâ⬠¦we must get beyond the mere appearances of things, to their natures and essences(1980:5).In a nutshell one can say that we have to peel away layers of constructed meaning to reveal the underlying layers of meaning that were suppressed or assumed in order for the phenomenon to take its actual form. Focus will be on three empiricists: (i)John Locke:(1632-1704) According to Hamlyn, the purpose of Locke is to enquire into the original, certainty, and extent of human knowledge, together with the grounds and degrees of belief, opinion and assent, without meddling with the physical consideration of the mind(1987:168-169).This implies that he is concerned with the limits of human understanding and one is bound to believe that Locke does not want any kind of social construct to be attached to this process, so as to give it independence. According to Kenny, Locke is forever talking about ideas(1994:129).This is evident in his first book entitled Of Innate Notions which contains a sharp attack on the notion of innate ideas. Hamlyn says Locke is concerned with two things: (i)whether there is innate knowledge of principles; and (ii)whether what he sometimes calls the materials of that knowledge; the ideas on which the knowledge is based, are innate. That distinction between knowledge and ideas affects the whole Essay(1987:169).One might assume that Lockes preoccupation or obsession with ideas was prompted by his intellectual rival, Descartes, who according to Kenny wrote that an infant in its mothers womb has in itself the ideas of God, itself, and all truths which are said to be self-evident, it has these ideas no less than adults have when they are not paying attention to them, and it does not acquire them afterwards when it grows up(1994:128). One can argue that innate ideas do exist, and they mature with time because exposure to externalities. The outside world will decide on their validity. Marshall says that Peter Berger and Thomas Luckman, in The Social Construction Of Reality(1966), view social processes as a dialectic of externalization and internalization(1994:167).According to Stumpf, Lockess fellow empiricists Bacon and Hobbes had urged that knowledge should be built upon observation (1983:254).This means that knowledge should be a product of scientific enquiry. Locke discarded the notion that we all came here with a standard stock of ideas built into the mind(Stumpf,1983:257).He said the origin of his ideas is experience, and experience takes two forms, sensation and reflection. What he elucidated was that we cannot have the experience of reflection (mind taking note of its operations) until we have had the experience of the sensation (ideas). (ii)George Berkeley: (1685-1752) Berkeley was influenced by Locke although according to Kenny, his importance in philosophy is largely as a critic of Locke(1994:140).His principal criticisms focus on three heads: the notion of abstract general ideas, the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, and the concept of material substance(1994:140).Because of Berkeleys criticism, Lockes empiricism is reduced into a unique form of idealism. 1.ABSTRACT IDEAS Lockes view that words represent ideas and general words correspond to abstract general ideas has come under attack from Berkeley. Locke says in his Essay, that according to the representational theory, a general idea is a particular idea which has been made general by being made for all of a kind, in the way in which a geometry teacher draws a particular triangle to represent all triangles(Kenny,1994:140).There is also what Kenny calls the eliminative theory, according to whom the general idea is a particular idea which contains only what is common to all particulars of the same kind. Berkeley is interested in how Locke combines features of the two theories. According to Kenny, Berkeley says it takes pains and skill to form the general idea of a triangle-for it must be neither oblique nor rectangle, neither equilateral, equicrural nor scalenon, but all and none of these at once(1994:140).One can say that eliminative theory and representational theory are two sides of the same coin in that in eliminative theory, the idea becomes a general idea when the unwanted group is eliminated. With regard to the representational theory, an idea becomes a general idea when all subscribe to it. Kenny accuses both Locke and Berkeley of using the word idea to mean to mean indifferently a sense-experience, an image, a secondary quality, or a concept(1994:140). IDEAS AND QUALITIES We must move from the premise that one of Berkeleys views is that distance is not something immediately perceived but something constructed from certain orderly relations of the ideas of different senses in the mind. According to Shand, the equating of ideas with sensible things, which thereby makes sensible things mind-dependent, eliminates each of the following forms of skepticism produced by materialism and Cartesianism(1993:132): (a)The existence of sensible things. The problem is solved because the skeptic cannot drive a wedge between ideas if the objects of sense are ideas. (b)The nature of sensible things. Science aspires only to map the regular correlations between ideas ,that is between phenomena. (c)The existence and nature of God. The problem is eliminated by making God indispensable. Gods existence is seen as the real cause of those ideas that are not caused by our imaginations and as the sustainer of those ideas we do not actually perceive, the supposition that God does not exist is refuted by almost every experience we have. (d)How matter and spirit can interact. This problem is eliminated by denying the existence of material substance; then the problem of interaction between spirit and matter simply does not arise(1993:132-133) The implication here is that Berkeley believes that anything that can be sensed actually exists. THE CONCEPT OF MATERIAL SUBSTANCE (i) One should also note that Berkeley is an opponent of materialism. According to Shand, Berkeley it is impossible for matter to have only primary qualities such as extension, solidity, movement. He believes that we cannot conceive of a shape which is no colour, and therefore the conception of matter required for materialism is impossible. He instead suggests that all matter should have all secondary qualities, from which primary qualities cannot be separated (1993:133).One can assume that he is referring to qualities such as weight, sound, taste and identity. To say that every matter must be able to move is not accurately correct in that not all matter is a living organism; (ii) Berkeley says that what exists has got to be a product of something. In his own words he argues that it is a logical contradiction to talk of conceiving of a thing which exists unconceived (Shand,1993:133).But Shand sees this as a fallacious argument in that it is not possible for A to be conceived of, and at the same time both exist and be a thing unconceived, but that does not mean at some other time A could not exist as an unconceived-of A, thus there is nothing contradictory in A existing unthought about (1993;133).This means that A does not necessarily have to be thought about in order to exist. (iii) Berkeley argues that if secondary qualities (colour, taste, heat, sound, etc.) are ideas in the mind, as Locke does, then the same applies to primary qualities (shape, size, motion, solidity),for these two vary with the observer (Shand, 1993:133).Colour is arguably not an idea in the mind because one can see it. It is not clear whether, according to Berkeley, secondary qualities also include things that one cannot touch. (iv) This argument pertains to pain and heat. Berkeley holds the view that when we are close to the, heat is felt as pain in the mind, and when we are a distance away the heat is merely felt as warmth (Shand,1993:133-134).The argument here is that since the pain is not in the fire, then it must be in the mind. (v) Berkeley compares the notion of matter with what Locke has to say about substance in general. Locke suggests that substance is characterized by being the support of all qualities, the qualities cannot subsist alone. But Berkeley argues that an attempt to give substance a positive characterization is impossible, since to do so would attribute qualities to it. This would render substance a qualityless something. Although Berkeley sees this as a perfectly flawless argument, he believes that no materialist would suggest that matter is qualityless (Kenny,1994:134).This would mean that substance and qualities cannot exist in the absence of the other. DAVID HUME (1711-1776) He is said to have carried empiricism to its fullest expression. He believed the scientific method could lead us to a clear understanding of human nature and in particular the workings of the human mind(Stumpf, 1983:270-271).Some commentators find it difficult the precise position of Hume. The difference with Hume was that if we used the scientific method to determine truth, we must according to Stumpf, accept the limits of knowledge(1983:272).Probably he was expressing doubt about the efficacy of scientific enquiry in clarifying pertinent issues. According to Hamlyn, the doctrine that every simple idea is derived from simple impression is the center-point of Humes empiricism, and that it is crucial for his philosophy(1987:190).Both Hume and Locke opine that impressions are of sensation but disagree on reflection because Humes account seems different from Lockes. He (Hume) holds the view that impressions are distinguishable from ideas by their superior force and vivacity(Hamlyn,1987:190).This might be the case because of the complexity of impressions. Hamlyn sees this as a very important principle, and one which Hume inherited from Berkeley which is :one cannot distinguish between impressions and ideas by reference to anything outside them, only by internal properties such as their liveliness(1987:190).One can simplify this by making reference to pain. The only person who feels the pain is the one who is hurt and nobody else. One cannot for example, merely look at the husband and confirm that the wife is feeling pain , nor can the husband know how much pain is felt by the wife. NATURALISM According to Knight, naturalism consists essentially in looking upon nature as the one original and fundamental source of all that exists, and in attempting to explain everything in terms of nature(1999:1). What this means is that all events find their satisfactory experience within nature itself. There are two traditions that claim to understand the problem of naturalism. These are the naturalist and anti-naturalist traditions. The former claims that the sciences are (actually or ideally) unified with positivist principles. For the latter the subject matter of the social sciences consists essentially of meaningful objects, and their aim is the elucidation of the meaning of these objects(Bhaskar, 1979:241). A naturalist traditions association with positivist principles means that it relies on measurement and observation in order to study a phenomenon. The anti-naturalist tradition, one would argue, looks beyond observable phenomena by enquiring as to what the object is made of. Bhaskar argues that the two disputants ironically share a common error in accepting an essentially positivist account of natural science, or at least an empiricist ontology. One would argue that there is nothing wrong in adopting a positivist approach when interrogating natural science, because essentially positivism deals with things that can be observed and measured. It must be understood that there is a fundamental contrast between social and natural science. With regard to the latter the discovery of intelligible connections in its subject matter is not equally the goal of natural scientific explanation(Bhaskar,1979:2). Instead this applies to social science. It is argued that the recent developments in the philosophy of science permit a reconsideration of the problem of naturalism(Bhaskar, 1979:3). These could be the varying views brought about by the naturalists and anti-naturalists. For example, Winchs anti-naturalism depends on empiricist theories of existence and causality. Now Bhaskar argues that if science employs a causal criterion for ascribing reality and causal laws are tendencies, his contrast collapses(1979:3). This means that if causal laws apply to science, then it applies top both natural and social science, and more important is it has become a tendency; Bhaskar defines naturalism as the thesis that there is (or can be) an essential unity of method between the natural and social services. It has two species: reductionism which asserts that there is an actual identity of subject matter as well, and scientism, which denies that there are any significant differences in the methods appropriate to studying social and natural objects, whether or not they are actually (as in reductionism) identified (1979:3).What is noteworthy is that these factions of naturalism talk in universals almost to a point of denying an opposite view the right to existence. In a nutshell, science is just whatever scientists do, and it is expected of them to differ in the way they solicit knowledge. ONTOLOGICAL REALITIES Marshall defines ontology as anyway of understanding the world, or some part of it, must make assumptions(which may be implicit or explicit) about what kinds of things do or can exist in that domain, and what might be their conditions of existence, relations of dependency, and so on(1994:367).He goes on to say the core of the philosophical project of metaphysics is to provide an ontology of the world as a whole. One will note that by focusing on the world as a whole, there will be a systematic arrangement of the relations between the social and natural sciences. Focus will be on Kant because he is both an empiricist and rationalist. KANT We must move from the premise that Kant is both an empiricist and a rationalist, in that he tried to reconcile rationalism empiricism by arguing that while knowledge itself comes from experience, the mind uses reason to structure knowledge(Prof. McLeary, see bibliography-No.11).Kant is described as a person who was more interested in science than philosophy, with the aim of making it truly scientific(Kenny, 1994:167).This shows that he really is both an empiricist and a rationalist in that he felt philosophy should also undergo the same rigorous interrogation as other academic disciplines, including the natural sciences. According to Kenny the distinction between a priori and a posteriori is central to Kants undertaking. A priori knowledge which is independent of all experienceâ⬠¦In addition to a priori knowledge there is also empirical knowledge, knowledge derived from experience which Kant calls knowledge a posteriori'(1994:167).With regard to a priori knowledge, one can cite space as an example because yet one knows it exists. A posteriori refers to things we have seen, or touched or even felt. According to Shand, knowledge for Kant, as for Leibniz, had to be necessary and universally valid(1993:161).We are tempted to believe that if information was not universally accepted as fact, then it would not be regarded as knowledge. Kenny says Kant regarded all of mathematics as belonging to this realm: arithmetic and geometry were synthetic, since they extended our knowledge widely beyond pure logic, and yet they were a priori, deriving not from experience but from intuition(1994:168).This is an interesting philosophical statement in that two contradictory phenomena are combined to produce something qualitatively new, independent of experience, an understanding of which does not require one to be taught or even think hard.coeb ebr seebebw oreb ebk ineb foeb eb! Kant says there are two pure forms of sensible intuition, serving as principles of a priori knowledge, namely space and time(1994:169).It must be noted that both time and space can never be touched. After having asked himself what time and space were, he then came up with the answers. He made a distinction between a metaphysical exposition of an a priori concept and a transcendental exposition. Marshall defines metaphysics as a philosophical project which devises theory of the nature or structure of reality, or of the whole world. Transcendentalism is the belief that God stands outside and independent of the universe of which he is a creator(1994:325538). Kant says that the metaphysical exposition of space and time tells us that space and time are presupposed by, not derived from, experience; that we can imagine space and time without objects, but not objects without space and time, and that there is a single space and a single time, infinite in each case(Kenny, 1994:169).We are bound to believe that objects would not exist if space was non-existent, and that they have time within which they can exist. The transcendental exposition of the concepts of space and time shows how we can know truths about space and time which are not analytic and yet are a priori(Kenny, 1994:169). The implication here is that we do not necessarily have to experience a thing in order to know that it exists. CONCLUSION It has become apparent that social enquirers happen to tamper with the supposed objective enquiry by allowing their personal values to feed into their conclusions. Accepting that matters of value are matters of fact, their values must be correct. The mushrooming of social study over the last 100 or 150 years was partly inspired by the notion that social study was a matter of searching for general laws(Pratt, 1978:72).General laws, one would argue, are rather required by the natural sciences. With regard to social science, a particular kind of human behaviour cannot always be attributed to a particular kind of a problem. Suicide, for example, is not seen by every person as a solution to marital problems. Also, capital punishment does not necessarily deter potential murderers. Within natural science it is usually possible to use rigorous investigative techniques by bringing the objects under study into the laboratory. It is not as easy with humans, because one has to get approval from eg, the individuals themselves or the ethics committee. In a nutshell, we cannot employ the methods of the natural sciences in understanding the social world. This is evident in Winchs statement that â⬠¦whereas the scientist investigates the nature, causes and effects of particular real things and processes, the philosopher is concerned with the nature of reality as such and in general(Hindess,1977:3).The two methods are inextricably intertwined despite their different approaches in their quest for valid knowledge and ability to predict. To declare social science a misnomer is arguably inaccurate in that both epistemic and ontological enquiries are social products employed in pursuit of knowledge for the benefit of society. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bhaskar, R. 1979. The Possibility of Naturalism:A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences. Atlantic Highlands, N.J. :Humanities Press. 2. Hamlyn, D.W. 1987. A History of Western Philosophy. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 3. Haralambos, M Holborn, M.1980. Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. London. University Tutorial Press. 4. Harris, E.E. 1969. Fundamentals of Philosophy. George Allen Unwin Ltd. Great Britain. 5. Hindess, B.1977. Philosophy and Methodology in the Social Sciences. Sussex : The Harvester Press. 6. Keat, R Urry, J.1980.Social Theory as Science. Boston :Routledge Kegan Paul. 7. Kenny, A.1994. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Western Philosophy. Great Britain :Oxford University Press. 8. Le Roux,T., Romm,N. Uys, T.1986. Sociology.Pretoria : Unisa. qtiSgzkEX Visit coursework de in de fo de for de more hypothesis de Do de not de redistribute qtiSgzkEX 9. Marshall, G.1994. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Sociology. Great Britain :Oxford University Press. 10. Pratt, V. 1978. The Philosophy of the Social Sciences. New York: Methuen Co. 11. Shand, .J.1993.The philosophy and Philosophers. Harmondsworth :Penguin Books. 12. Stumpf, S.E.1983. Philosophy :History and Problems. New York. McGraw Hill, Inc. 13. Philosophy of Science, 2001.Philosophical Schools. http://mrrc.bio.uci.edu/se10/schools.html. 14. Catholic Encyclopedia.2002. Empiricism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05407a.htm. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8927720067810204849.post-55548006080304579162019-11-13T13:08:00.001-08:002019-11-13T13:08:03.018-08:00A Comparison of the Culture of Things Fall Apart and Western Culture :: comparison compare contrast essays The Culture of Things Fall Apart vs. Western Culture Many societies have beliefs rooted deep in ancient religion. Some beliefs include polygamy, polytheism, and patriarchy, or rule by men. One such culture is that of Achebe's Things Fall Apart. Polytheism and polygamy are custom in the clan, and the role of each family member is very defined. The men are overly domineering. The women and children are treated poorly and often beaten. Life in Achebe's Umuofia would seem very different to someone living in modern day America. Chinua Achebe's 1959 novel, Things fall Apart, takes place in the 1890s, just before British colonization. The novel focuses on the nine Ibo-speaking villages of Umuofia, which is Ibo for "People of the Forest." Umuofia is the village in which Okonkwo, Achebe's protagonist, prospers in everything and is able to secure his manly position in the tribe. Now known as Nigeria, this land was a primitive agricultural society completely run by men. Umuofia was known, and as Achebe says, ."..feared by all it's neighbors. It was powerful in war and in magic, and priests and medicine men were feared in all the surrounding country" (11). Perhaps, its most powerful and feared magic was called .".. agadi- nwayi, or old woman it had its shrine in the centre of Umuofia ... if anyone was so foolhardy as to pass by the shrine past dusk he was sure to see the old woman"(12). The people of Umuofia are very devoted to their religion and their magic. These ancient beliefs were believed to give the people some sort of power over their oppressors. One custom of Umuofia that would be very different from Western culture is Polygamy, the practice of having many wives. This custom is practiced in the connected nine villages of Umuofia. In fact, a man's wealth is partially measured by the number of wives he has. A wealthy man described in Things Fall Apart, had nine wives and thirty children. Okonkwo had three wives and eight children. Polygamy is not something many Americans are accustomed to. Western culture teaches that monogamy, as opposed to polygamy, is the proper, accepted form of marriage. Western culture places that morality into it's people, often from youth. adahanson1985http://www.blogger.com/profile/15231666259349755203noreply@blogger.com0